Prognostic impact of EBV serostatus in patients with lymphomas or chronic malignancies undergoing allogeneic HCT

Abstract

The influence of the donor (D) and recipient (R) pre-transplant Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) serostatus on transplant outcomes (overall survival, relapse-free survival, relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality, acute and chronic GVHD) in 12,931 patients with lymphomas or chronic malignancies undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) between 1997-2016 was analyzed. In multivariate analysis, the risk of development of chronic GVHD was increased for EBV R+/D+ (HR = 1.26; p = 0.003), R+/D- (HR = 1.21; p = 0.044), and R-/D + (HR = 1.21; p = 0.048) in comparison to R-/D- transplants. No significance was shown for other transplant outcomes; however, in univariate analysis, EBV-seropositive patients receiving grafts from EBV-seropositive donors (EBV R+/D+transplants) had inferior transplant outcomes in comparison to EBV-seronegative recipients of grafts from EBV-seronegative donors (EBV R-/D-): inferior overall survival (59.6% vs 65.9%), inferior relapse-free survival (51.1% vs 57.5%), increased incidence of chronic GVHD (49.5% vs 41.8%), and increased incidence of de novo chronic GVHD (30.5% vs 24.0%). In conclusion, an EBV-negative recipient with lymphoma or chronic malignancy can benefit from selection of an EBV-negative donor in context of chronic GVHD, while there are no preferences in donor EBV serostatus for EBV-seropositive recipient.