How can monoclonal antibodies be harnessed against neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases?

Abstract

Introduction: Monoclonal antibody-based therapies now represent the single-largest class of molecules undergoing clinical investigation. Although a handful of different monoclonal antibodies have been clinically approved for bacterial and viral indications, including rabies, therapies based on monoclonal antibodies are yet to fully enter the fields of neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases. Areas covered: This review presents the current state-of-the-art in the development and use of monoclonal antibodies against neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as envenomings by animal bites and stings. Additionally, a short section on mushroom poisonings is included. Key challenges for developing antibody-based therapeutics are discussed for each of these fields. Expert opinion: Neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases represent a golden opportunity for academics and technology developers for advancing our scientific capabilities within the understanding and design of antibody cross-reactivity, use of oligoclonal antibody mixtures for multi-target neutralization, novel immunization methodologies, targeting of evasive pathogens, and development of fundamentally novel therapeutic mechanisms of action. Furthermore, a huge humanitarian and societal impact is to gain by exploiting antibody technologies for the development of biotherapies against diseases, for which current treatment options are suboptimal or non-existent.

Keywords: Neglected tropical diseases; affordable biotherapeutics; animal envenomings; antibody discovery; bacterial infections; infectious diseases; monoclonal antibodies; parasitic diseases; snakebite envenoming; tropical pharmacology.