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Comparative Study
. 2019 Jul 11:13:2283-2293.
doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S201907. eCollection 2019.

Comparative study of β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin and 4- tert-butylcalix[8]arene ionophores as electroactive materials for the construction of new sensors for trazodone based on host-guest recognition

Haitham Alrabiah  1 , Haya I Aljohar  1 , Ahmed Hassan Bakheit  1 , Atef Ma Homoda  2 , Gamal Abdel-Hafiz Mostafa  1   2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative study of β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin and 4- tert-butylcalix[8]arene ionophores as electroactive materials for the construction of new sensors for trazodone based on host-guest recognition

Haitham Alrabiah et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. .

Abstract

Background: Trazodone (TRZ) is a second-generation non-tricyclic antidepressant derived from a triazolopyridine derivative, which is mainly used to treat emotional disorders and conditions related to depressive disorders.

Purpose: This study investigated the design, development and characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors for trazodone HCl (TRZ).

Methods: The developed sensing membranes were constructed using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD; sensor 1), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD; sensor 2) or 4-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (t-BC8; sensor 3) ionophores as sensing materials in addition to ionic sites and dioctyl phthalate in the PVC matrix.

Results: Sensors 1, 2 and 3 displayed fast, stable and near-Nernstian response over a relatively wide trazodone concentration range (7.0×10-6-1×10-3, 5.0×10-5-1×10-3and 8.0×10-6-1.0×10-3 M, respectively), with detection limits of 2.2×10-6, 1.5×10-5 and 2.42×10-6 M, respectively in the pH range of 3.0-6.0. The sensors demonstrated good selectivity for TRZ in the presence of different ionic compounds. The accuracy and precision of the proposed sensors were assessed by the determination of 40.7 μg/ml of TRZ, which showed average recoveries of 99.6%, 99.1% and 98.5% with mean relative standard deviations of 2.4%, 2.5% and 2.6% for sensor 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Molecular modeling was used to calculate the host-guest binding energy. The lowest free binding energy was -6.243, -5.752 and -5.7105 kcal/mol for 1:1 stoichiometry host-guest complexes of trazodone and β-CD, γ-CD and t-BC8, respectively, which was in-line with a Nernstian response.

Conclusion: The investigated methods can be applied for the determination of TRZ in pharmaceutical preparations. The results of investigated dosage-form of TRZ show good agreement with those using the US Pharmacopeia method.

Keywords: PVC; molecular modeling; potentiometry; tert-butylcalix[8]arene; trazodone HCl; β-cyclodextrin; γ-cyclodextrin.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declared they have no conflict of interest in regard to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of trazodone (A), β-CD (B), γ-CD (C), 4t-BC8 (D), and the toroidal shape (E).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of pH of the proposed sensors (A) β- CD, (B) γ-CD and (C) 4t-BC8 sensors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Response time of the proposed (A) β- CD, (B) γ-CD, (C) 4t-BC8 sensors.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The most stable complex of trazodone with β-, γ- CD and 4t-BC8 through their cavities.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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