Antiangiogenic properties of nanoparticles: a systematic review

Abstract

Nanoparticles appear to be one of the most promising agents that offer efficacy in angiogenesis-related disease therapy. The objective of this research is to systematically review studies that have probed into the effect of nanoparticles on angiogenesis. Selected inclusion criteria were used to extract articles, references that were cited in the initial search were sought to identify more potential articles, and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria and duplicates were discarded. The spherical shape was shown to be the most common shape employed to investigate the role of nanoparticles in angiogenesis therapy. The size of nanoparticles appears to play a crucial role for efficacy on angiogenesis, in which 20 nm emerged as the preferred size. Gold nanoparticles exhibit the most promise as an antiangiogenesis agent, and the toxicity was adjustable based on the dosages applied.

Keywords: angiogenesis; antiangiogenesis; nanoparticles; shape; size; toxicity.

Figure 1

Flowchart of the study selection.

Figure 2

Percentage of nanoparticle variety of shapes used in antiangiogenesis studies. The different shapes of nanoparticle used in the 22 studies selected for this review.

Figure 3

Size (nm) of nanoparticles used in antiangiogenesis studies in selected articles. The size distribution of the nanoparticles used in the studies selected for this review.

Figure 4

Mechanism of action of inorganic nanoparticles that have been proven to suppress the formation of new blood vessels by inhibiting VEGF and inducing VEGFR2 phosphorylation in antiangiogenesis related pathways. Abbreviations: CoNPs, copper nanoparticles; AuNP, gold nanoparticle, AgNP, silver nanoparticle; SiNP, silicate nanoparticle; TiO2, titanium dioxide; HAP, hydroxyapatite; UDD, ultra dispersed detonation diamond; MW-RF, micowave-radiofrequency; nCe, nanoceria; CNP, chitosan nanoparticle; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1; ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; KDR, kinase insert domain receptor; FGF, Fibroblast growth factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases.