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Review
. 2019 Jul 17:7:170.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00170. eCollection 2019.

Titanium-Tissue Interface Reaction and Its Control With Surface Treatment

Takao Hanawa  1
Affiliations
Review

Titanium-Tissue Interface Reaction and Its Control With Surface Treatment

Takao Hanawa. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used for medical and dental implant devices-artificial joints, bone fixators, spinal fixators, dental implant, etc. -because they show excellent corrosion resistance and good hard-tissue compatibility (bone formation and bone bonding ability). Osseointegration is the first requirement of the interface structure between titanium and bone tissue. This concept of osseointegration was immediately spread to dental-materials researchers worldwide to show the advantages of titanium as an implant material compared with other metals. Since the concept of osseointegration was developed, the cause of osseointegration has been actively investigated. The surface chemical state, adsorption characteristics of protein, and bone tissue formation process have also been evaluated. To accelerate osseointegration, roughened and porous surfaces are effective. HA and TiO2 coatings prepared by plasma spray and an electrochemical technique, as well as alkalinization of the surface, are also effective to improve hard-tissue compatibility. Various immobilization techniques for biofunctional molecules have been developed for bone formation and prevention of platelet and bacteria adhesion. These techniques make it possible to apply Ti to a scaffold of tissue engineering. The elucidation of the mechanism of the excellent biocompatibility of Ti can provide a shorter way to develop optimal surfaces. This review should enhance the understanding of the properties and biocompatibility of Ti and highlight the significance of surface treatment.

Keywords: biocompatibility; biofunction; bone bonding; bone formation; surface morphology; surface treatment; titanium; titanium alloy.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Substitution of metallic devices by ceramic devices and polymer devices due to innovation of ceramics and polymers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interfacial reactions of materials and the host body.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Excellent corrosion resistance and low toxicity of titanium based on its high activity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Biocompatibility and biofunction based on corrosion resistance and mechanical property.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dissociation of surface hydroxyl group on metal.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic model of change in the conformation of protein adsorbed on Au and Ti.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Category of surface finishing and surface treatment of Ti to accelerate bone formation, bone bonding, soft tissue adhesion, wear resistance, antibacterial property and blood compatibility.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Surface finishing and surface treatment of Ti to accelerate bone formation and bone bonding.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Porous TiO2 oxide layer formed on Ti by micro-arc oxidation.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Local alkalinization of Zr surface by cathodic polarization in a supporting electrolyte solution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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