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. 2013 Jun:7945:141-149.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-38899-6_17.

Patient-Specific Modeling of Heart Valves: From Image to Simulation

Ankush Aggarwal  1 , Vanessa S Aguilar  2 , Chung-Hao Lee  1 , Giovanni Ferrari  3 , Joseph H Gorman  3 , Robert C Gorman  3 , Michael S Sacks  1   2
Affiliations

Patient-Specific Modeling of Heart Valves: From Image to Simulation

Ankush Aggarwal et al. Funct Imaging Model Heart. 2013 Jun.

Abstract

Heart valves play a very important role in the functioning of the heart and many of the heart failures are related to the valvular dysfunctions, e.g. aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. As the medical field is moving towards a patient-specific diagnosis and treatment procedures, modeling of heart valves with patient-specific information is becoming a significant tool in medical field. Here we present the ingredients for valve simulation specifically the aortic valve, with a main focus on a novel spline-based mapping technique which solves many issues in generating patient-specific models - the microstructural mapping, the pre-strain calculations, prescribing dynamic boundary conditions, validation and inverse-modeling to obtain material parameters.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
(Top row) Generic mapping for aortic valve where two edges in the parameter space are degenerated to commissure points and (bottom row) example of mapping fiber structure from 2D to 3D using the spline parameter space
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
(left) Average TAV and BAV fiber structure of representative population (lines show the fiber preferred direction and color shows their orientation index – how aligned they are) and (left) statistical mean and 95% bootstrap confidence interval in three regions of the valve
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
(Top) 3D echocardiograph image of sheet heart with normal aortic valve segmentation shown in black, (bottom right) ex-planted leaflets and their fiber structure from SALS and (bottom left) spline surface fit to the segmentation with fiber structure mapped from ex-planted leaflets
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Mapping from 2D to 3D gives us a strain map which was used to correct the material models developed in vitro. Jacobian is the third invariant of the Green’s strain tensor indicating the change in area upon deformation. Clearly, the in vivo configuration is stretched.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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