Metabolic utilization of linoleic acid from fat emulsion in infants during total parenteral nutrition

Abstract

The metabolic utilization of linoleic acid (C18:2w6) from intravenous (iv) soybean oil emulsion via its conversion to higher homologues and prostaglandin biosynthesis was studied in 21 infants. The infants were of normal birth weight, in good clinical and metabolic condition, and aged from 1-4 months. They all received total parenteral nutrition after birth for more than 1 month; the only lipid was provided by iv Intralipid 20%, at levels approximating 350 mg/kg/24 h of linoleic acid (2.5% of the infants' total daily energy intake). Study of the fatty acids of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in these infants, compared to healthy controls of the same age (N = 26), showed that 350 mg/kg/24 hr of C18:2w6 supply resulted in normalization of erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid distribution. This was particularly true of the higher homologues of C18:2w6 (C18:3w6, C20:3w6, and C20:4w6). This suggested that delta 6 and delta 5 desaturation activities are normal in these conditions with this C18:2w6 supply. These results were confirmed by the study of 24-hr urinary excretion of prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. With 350 mg/kg/24 hr of C18:2w6 supply their urinary levels were not significantly different from those observed in normal children of the same age receiving an equivalent oral C18:2w6 intake.