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. 2019 Nov;46(11):1072-1082.
doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13179. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

Biomarkers of oral inflammation in perinatally HIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected youth

Anna-Barbara Moscicki  1 , Tzy-Jyun Yao  2 , Jonathan S Russell  2 , Sepideh Farhat  3 , Mark Scott  3 , Larry Magpantay  4 , Gordana Halec  4 , Caroline H Shiboski  5 , Mark I Ryder  5 ; Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Collaborators, Affiliations

Biomarkers of oral inflammation in perinatally HIV-infected and perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected youth

Anna-Barbara Moscicki et al. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Nov.

Abstract

Aim: To examine oral biomarkers that have been associated with periodontal disease progression in HIV-infected adults in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected youth.

Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicentre substudy of youth participating in the Oral Health Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort study. Gingival crevicular fluid repository samples from participants with and without periodontal disease (using Gingival Index [GI] and Bleeding on Probing [BOP] parameters on dental examination) were tested for concentration levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Associations were assessed using Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation.

Results: For perinatal HIV youth (n = 129), the markers consistently elevated (p < .05) in sites with GI ≥2 and in sites with BOP were interleukin-1β, 6 and 13, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and metalloproteinase-9. Serum tumour necrosis factor-α and soluble CD14 were positively correlated with a summary count of elevated cytokines. No associations were seen among HIV-uninfected subjects (n = 71).

Conclusions: The association of oral biomarkers of inflammation with clinical indicators of periodontal inflammation and systemic immune activation suggests that perinatal HIV-infected youth may be at higher risk for developing significant periodontal disease, associated with tooth loss and HIV progression. More frequent dental care of this group is needed to prevent potential periodontal progression.

Keywords: cytokines; oral health; perinatal HIV-infected youth; periodontal inflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Gingival index ≥ 2
The concentration (pg/mL) of each cytokine among PHIV participants, measured in the pooled sample from the two gingival crevicular fluid collection sites, is displayed on the right. Concentrations are shown separately for participants with a Gingival Index (GI) greater than or equal to 2 at neither collection site, and at one/both collection sites; an ‘X’ in the P column indicates a p-value <0.05 when the two groups were compared by a Wilcoxon test. In the left panel, the median and interquartile range have been logged and centralized to the ‘neither’ median; the plotted values therefore represent the difference on the log scale relative to the median of the ‘neither’ group. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; INF, interferon; MIP, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen CTXI.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Bleeding on Probing
The concentration (pg/mL) of each cytokine among PHIV participants, measured in the pooled sample from the two gingival crevicular fluid collection sites, is displayed on the right. Concentrations are shown separately for participants with bleeding on probing (BOP) at neither collection site, and at one/both collection sites; an ‘X’ in the P column indicates a p-value <0.05 when the two groups were compared by a Wilcoxon test. In the left panel, the median and interquartile range have been logged and centralized to the ‘neither’ median; the plotted values therefore represent the difference on the log scale relative to the median of the ‘neither’ group. . IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; INF, interferon; MIP, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen CTXI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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