Novel root canal sealer with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate, nano-silver and nano-calcium phosphate to kill bacteria inside root dentin and increase dentin hardness

Abstract

Objectives: Root canal re-infection and weakening of roots are two main challenges in endodontics. The objectives of the study were: (1) to develop a novel root canal sealer containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), nanoparticles of silver (NAg), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and (2) to investigate the effects on the physical, anti-biofilm, remineralizing ions, and hardness of human dentin for the first time.

Methods: Methacrylate-resin dual-cured root canal sealer contained 5% DMAHDM, 0.15% NAg, and NACP at 10%, 20% and 30% mass fractions. The flow, film thickness, and Ca and P ions release were investigated. The effects of NACP on radicular dentin hardness after treatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were assessed. Antibacterial properties were measured against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)-impregnated dentin blocks; colony-forming units (CFU) and live/dead assays were measured.

Results: Incorporating DMAHDM, NAg and NACP did not adversely influence the flow and film thickness properties. Sealer with 30% NACP neutralized the acid and increased the solution pH (p<0.05). Sealer containing 30% NACP regenerated dentin minerals lost due to NaOCL and EDTA treatment, and increased the dentin hardness to match that of sound dentin (p>0.1). Incorporating 5% DMAHDM and 0.15% NAg reduced biofilm CFU of E. faecalis-impregnated dentin blocks by nearly 3 logs when compared control group (p<0.05).

Significance: The novel therapeutic root canal sealer with triple bioactive agents of DMAHDM, NAg and NACP neutralized acid, raised the pH, regenerated dentin minerals, increased root dentin hardness, and reduced dentin-block-impregnated biofilm CFU by 3 logs. This new sealer with highly desirable antibacterial and remineralization properties are promising to increase the success rate of endodontic therapy and strengthen the tooth root structures.

Keywords: Anti-biofilm; Calcium phosphate nanoparticles; Enterococcus faecalis; Quaternary ammonium methacrylate; Remineralization; Silver nanoparticles.