Targeting S. mutans biofilms: a perspective on preventing dental caries

Abstract

The prevalence of biofilm diseases, and dental caries in particular, have encouraged extensive research on S. mutans biofilms, including methods of preventing its formation. Numerous small molecules with specific anti-biofilm activity against this pathogen have been isolated and synthesized. Generally, these molecules can be characterized into three categories: sucrose-dependent anti-adhesion, sucrose-independent anti-adhesion and cellular signaling interference. This review aims to provide an overview of the current small molecule strategies used for targeting S. mutans biofilms, and a perspective of the future for the field.

Fig. 1. S. mutans biofilm maturation process beginning with the attachment of a single cell, promoted by exposure to sucrose. Virulence traits including EPS formation, acid production, and acid tolerance are highlighted.

Fig. 2. Three general mechanisms of perturbing S. mutans biofilms.

Fig. 3. Sucrose-dependent anti-adhesion small molecules.

Fig. 4. Sucrose-independent anti-adhesion small molecules.

Fig. 5. Small molecules that interfere with quorum sensing.

Fig. 6. Small molecules that interfere with two-component systems.