Plasminogen activator inhibitors--a review

Abstract

Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) are important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activators (PAs). Several inhibitors, all belonging to the serpin family of proteins, have been implicated in PA inhibition. In order of reaction rate constants these are PAI-1, PAI-2, protease nexin and PAI-3. This review gives an overview of the physicochemical characteristics of these inhibitors as well as a comparison of their primary structure with each other and with other members of the serpin family of proteins.