Pharmacological significance of heterocyclic 1 H-benzimidazole scaffolds: a review

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds are inevitable in a numerous part of life sciences. These molecules perform various noteworthy functions in nature, medication and innovation. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles exceptionally azoles family are the matter of interest in synthesis attributable to the way that they happen pervasively in pharmacologically dynamic natural products, multipurpose arranged useful materials also profoundly powerful pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Benzimidazole moiety is the key building block for several heterocyclic scaffolds that play central role in the biologically functioning of essential molecules. They are considered as promising class of bioactive scaffolds encompassing diverse varieties of activities like antiprotozoal, antihelminthic, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-mycobacterial and antiparasitic. Therefore in the present review we tried to compile the various pharmacological activities of different derivatives of heterocyclic benzimidazole moiety.

Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Anticancer activity; Antimalarial activity; Antimycobacterial activity; Antiprotozoal activity; Antiviral activity; Benzimidazole derivatives.

Fig. 1

Some benzimidazoles containing medicinal preparation

Fig. 2

Rational designed based on literature survey of benzimidazole derivatives

Fig. 3

Molecular structures of compounds (1a–1b, 2a, 3a–3c, 4a, 5a–5c, 6a–6d, 7a–7b, 8a)

Fig. 4

Molecular structures of compounds (9a–9b, 10a–10c, 11a–11b, 12a–12b, 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a–16b, 17a–17b, 18a)

Fig. 5

Molecular structures of compounds (19a–19d, 20a–20b, 21a–21c, 22a–22b, 23a–23d)

Fig. 6

Molecular structures of compounds (24a, 25a–25c, 26a, 27a, 28a, 29a, 30a–30b, 31a–31g, 32a–32b, 33a and 34a)

Fig. 7

Molecular structures of compounds (35a–35e, 36a–36d, 37a, 38a–38g)

Fig. 8

Molecular structures of compounds (39a–39c, 40a–40e, 41a, 42a–42b, 43a–43c, 44a–44b)

Fig. 9

Molecular structures of compounds (45a–45b, 46a, 47a, 48a–48b, 49a, 50a–50b, 51a–51b, 52a, 53a–53b, 54a–54b)