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. 2019 Aug 15;14(8):e0221179.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221179. eCollection 2019.

Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of four dengue virus serotypes in Southern Thailand

Rodolphe Hamel  1   2 , Pornapat Surasombatpattana  3 , Sineewanlaya Wichit  4 , Alexandra Dauvé  5 , Celeste Donato  6 , Julien Pompon  1   7 , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna  6   7 , Florian Liegeois  1 , Ronald Morales Vargas  5 , Natthanej Luplertlop  2 , Dorothée Missé  1
Affiliations

Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of four dengue virus serotypes in Southern Thailand

Rodolphe Hamel et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Dengue fever is caused by dengue viruses (DENV) from the Flavivirus genus and is the most prevalent arboviral disease. DENV exists in four immunogenically distinct and genetically-related serotypes (DENV-1 to 4), each subdivided in genotypes. Despite the endemicity of all four DENV serotypes in Thailand, no prior study has characterized the circulation of DENV in the southern provinces of the country. To determine the genetic diversity of DENV circulating in Southern Thailand in 2015 and 2016, we investigated 46 viruses from 182 patients' sera confirmed positive for DENV by serological and Nested RT-PCR tests. Our dataset included 2 DENV-1, 20 DENV-2, 9 DENV-3 and 15 DENV-4. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on viral envelop sequences. This revealed that part of the identified genotypes from DENV-1 and DENV-4 had been predominant in Asia (genotype I for both serotypes), while genotype II for DENV-4 and the Cosmopolitan genotype DENV-2 were also circulating. Whereas DENV-3 genotype II had been predominantly detected in South East Asia during the previous decades, we found genotype III and genotype I in Southern Thailand. All DENV genotype identified in this study were closely related to contemporary strains circulating in Southeast Asian countries, emphasizing the regional circulation of DENV. These results provide new insights into the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes in Southern Thailand, confirming the hyperendemicity of DENV in the region. These findings also suggest a new trend of dissemination for some DENV serotypes with a possible shift in genotype distribution; as recently observed in other Asian countries.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Map of Thailand showing surveillance region and DENV types detected.
Participating provinces are highlighted in orange. Location from which the patients originated are marked on the map along with DENV serotype: Purple triangles, DENV-2; green diamond, DENV-3; red square, DENV-4; and yellow circle multiple serotypes. The map was annotated using QGIS software.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-1.
Maximum-likelihood tree of dengue virus serotype 1 envelope gene sequences, generated using the GTR+G substitution model. Bootstrap values are shown on branch nodes. Samples collected in this study are in red colour font and strains from Thailand are highlighted in light orange. Annotation on the right denote DENV genotype.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-2.
Maximum-likelihood tree of dengue virus serotype 2 envelope gene sequences, generated using the GTR+G substitution model. Bootstrap values are shown on branch nodes. Samples collected in this study are in red colour font and strains from Thailand are highlighted in light orange. Annotation on the right denote DENV genotype.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-3.
Maximum-likelihood tree of dengue virus serotype 3 envelope gene sequences, generated using the GTR+G substitution model. Bootstrap values are shown on branch nodes. Samples collected in this study are in red colour font and strains from Thailand are highlighted in light orange. Annotation on the right denote DENV genotype.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV-4.
Maximum-likelihood tree of dengue virus serotype 1 envelope gene sequences, generated using the GTR+G substitution model. Bootstrap values are shown on branch nodes. Samples collected in this study are in red colour font and strains from Thailand are highlighted in light orange. Annotation on the right denote DENV genotype.
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