Contact lenses as drug-delivery systems: a promising therapeutic tool

Abstract

The ocular administration of drugs using traditional pharmaceutical forms, including eye drops or ointments, results in low bioavailability, as well as requiring multiple administrations per day, with the consequent danger of therapeutic non-compliance. Although, through the use of pharmaceutical technology, attempts have been made to use various solutions in order to increase bioavailability in the most common pharmaceutical forms, it has not been entirely satisfactory. In this context, contact lenses are presented as drug delivery systems that largely remedy these two major problems and offer other additional advantages. Therefore, the use of contact lenses as drug carrying systems has been increasingly investigated in recent years, as they can increase the bioavailability of these drugs, leading to an increase in therapeutic efficacy and compliance. The main techniques used to achieve this goal are included in this review, including immersion in drug solutions, use of vitamin E barriers, molecular printing, colloidal systems, etc. The most interesting results, depending on the different eye pathologies, are presented. Although the use of contact lenses as a vehicle for the release of active ingredients is a relatively novel strategy, there are already many studies and trials that support it. In any case, further research needs to be carried out to finally reach an effective, safe, and stable product that can be marketed.

Keywords: Biodisponibilidad ocular; Contact lenses; Controlled release; Eye diseases; Lente de contacto; Liberación controlada; Ocular bioavailability; Patologías oculares.