Therapeutic Insights in Melasma and Hyperpigmentation Management

Abstract

Melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are the most common forms of dyschromia in patients with skin of color. Both are associated with a high psychological burden of disease. To exacerbate this burden, the need for treatment is chronic, and the results are often suboptimal in the eyes of the patient. Successful treatment is therefore contingent upon a correct diagnosis, patient education, and a carefully considered therapeutic approach. The latter is often multimodal in its design, incorporating sun protection, topical and systemic medications, and in some cases, procedural intervention. Although topical hydroquinone is a mainstay of treatment for melasma and PIH, there are alternatives that have emerged as of late that have shown varying degrees of promise, both in terms of safety and efficacy. In this article, we review the epidemiological, clinical, and histologic features of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and discuss important considerations for both established and emerging treatments for these vexingly common and difficult to treat conditions.