Size and stabilization of the dorsoulnar fragment in AO C3-type distal radius fractures

Abstract

Introduction: Volar locking plate (VLP) fixation has become the gold-standard treatment for distal radius fractures (DRFs). Especially, internal fixation of the volar lunate facet fragment is essential for the treatment of AO C3-type DRFs. On the other hand, the necessity of the fixation of the dorsal lunate facet fragment (dorsoulnar fragment) remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to measure three-dimensionally the size of the dorsoulnar fragments in AO C3-type DRFs using computed tomography (CT) images in detail, and to reveal relationships of the size and stabilization of the dorsoulnar fragment with postoperative fracture displacement after VLP fixation.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the 101 consecutive Japanese patients who underwent surgical treatment for AO C3-type distal radius fractures. If patient had dorsoulnar fragment, the three-dimensional size of this fragment and the occupying ratio to the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) and the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) were anatomically evaluated using the preoperative CT images. In addition, we investigated the relationship of the size and stabilization of the dorsoulnar fragment with fracture displacement after VLP fixation. We statistically compared the size parameters and occupying ratio of the dorsoulnar fragment between the displaced group and the stable groups using a two-tailed t-test. We also statistically compared the numbers of screws inserted into the dorsoulnar fragments between the displaced and stable groups using a chi-square test.

Results: The mean dorsoulnar fragment size was 9.4 mm × 7.9 mm × 11.0 mm and the occupying ratio to the DRUJ and RCJ was 50% and 10%, respectively. The number of patients treated with volar locking plate fixation was 77, of which 12 patients had postoperative displacements. Although the size of the dorsoulnar fragment was not associated with postoperative displacement, stabilization following screw insertion into the dorsoulnar fragment was significantly associated with displacement.

Conclusion: Stabilization of the dorsoulnar fragment with at least one screw of the volar locking plate was necessary to prevent postoperative fracture displacement regardless of dorsoulnar fragment size in AO C3-type distal radius fractures.

Keywords: Displacement; Distal radius fracture; Dorsoulnar fragment; Lunate facet; Rim; Volar locking plate.