Child Poverty, Toxic Stress, and Social Determinants of Health: Screening and Care Coordination

Abstract

Social determinants of health (SDOH) refer to the social, economic, and physical conditions in which people live that may affect their health. Poverty, which affects nearly 15 million children in the United States, has far-reaching effects on children's physical and mental health. Although it is difficult to change a family's economic circumstances, nurses can play a critical role to address SDOH through screening and effective coordination of care. As nurses, our role is to minimize the effects of SDOH, including poverty, on child health and well-being through our practice, research, and professional education. We present three exemplars of child poverty to demonstrate the impact on child health and well-being and propose a model of care for nurses to assess and address SDOH in the pediatric clinical setting.

Keywords: Child poverty; asthma; behavioral health; clinical settings; environmental exposures; food insecurity; health disparities; health effects of poverty and toxic stress; intervention; nursing role; primary care models; screening; social determinants of health (SDOH); toxic stress.