Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Dec;55(6):739-768.
doi: 10.1007/s11262-019-01700-z. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses

Annika Suttie  1   2   3 , Yi-Mo Deng  3 , Andrew R Greenhill  2 , Philippe Dussart  1 , Paul F Horwood  4 , Erik A Karlsson  5
Affiliations
Review

Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses

Annika Suttie et al. Virus Genes. 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing sustained human-to-human infection; however, AIVs are still a high risk as future pandemic strains, especially if they acquire further mutations that facilitate human infection and/or increase pathogenesis. Molecular characterization of sequencing data for known genetic markers associated with AIV adaptation, transmission, and antiviral resistance allows for fast, efficient assessment of AIV risk. Here we summarize and update the current knowledge on experimentally verified molecular markers involved in AIV pathogenicity, receptor binding, replicative capacity, and transmission in both poultry and mammals with a broad focus to include data available on other AIV subtypes outside of A/H5N1 and A/H7N9.

Keywords: Avian influenza; Influenza virus; Molecular inventory; Molecular marker; Mutation; Risk assessment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Bodewes R, Kuiken T. Changing role of wild birds in the epidemiology of avian influenza A viruses. In: Kielian M, Mettenleiter TC, Roossinck MJ, editors. Advances in virus Resarach. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2018. pp. 279–307. - PubMed
    1. Tong S, Zhu X, Li Y, Shi M, Zhang J, Bourgeois M, Yang H, Chen X, Recuenco S, Gomez J, Chen LM, Johnson A, Tao Y, Dreyfus C, Yu W, McBride R, Carney PJ, Gilbert AT, Chang J, Guo Z, Davis CT, Paulson JC, Stevens J, Rupprecht CE, Holmes EC, Wilson IA, Donis RO. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9:e1003657. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wu Y, Wu Y, Tefsen B, Shi Y, Gao GF. Bat-derived influenza-like viruses H17N10 and H18N11. Trends Microbiol. 2014;22:183–191. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tong S, Li Y, Rivailler P, Conrardy C, Castillo DAA, Chen L-M, Recuenco S, Ellison JA, Davis CT, York IA, Turmelle AS, Moran D, Rogers S, Shi M, Tao Y, Weil MR, Tang K, Rowe LA, Sammons S, Xu X, Frace M, Lindblade KA, Cox NJ, Anderson LJ, Rupprecht CE, Donis RO. A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:4269–4274. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Li Q, Sun X, Li Z, Liu Y, Vavricka CJ, Qi J, Gao GF. Structural and functional characterization of neuraminidase-like molecule N10 derived from bat influenza A virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:18897–18902. - PMC - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances