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. 2019 Aug 20;8(8):325.
doi: 10.3390/antiox8080325.

Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. 'Hangbaiju' in China

Jinyan Gong  1   2 , Bingquan Chu  3 , Lingxiao Gong  4 , Zhongxiang Fang  5 , Xiaoxu Zhang  6 , Shaoping Qiu  3 , Jingjing Wang  3 , Yali Xiang  3 , Gongnian Xiao  3 , Haina Yuan  3 , Fuping Zheng  7
Affiliations

Comparison of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activities of Fifteen Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. 'Hangbaiju' in China

Jinyan Gong et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

This study investigated the phenolic compounds of 15 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. 'Hangbaiju', including 6 'Duoju' and 9 'Taiju', using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activities of these 'Hangbaiju' were estimated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results show that a total of 14 phenolic compounds were detected in these flowers, including 3 mono-caffeoylquinic acids, 3 di-caffeoylquinic acids, 1 phenolic acid and 7 flavonoids. 'Duoju' and 'Taiju' possess different concentrations of phenolic compounds, and 'Taiju' exhibits higher caffeoylquinic acids and stronger antioxidant activities than 'Duoju'. Caffeoylquinic acids show a strong correlation with the antioxidant activities of the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals an obvious separation between 'Duoju' and 'Taiju', using phenolic compounds as variables. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, luteolin and acacetin were found to be the key phenolic compounds to differentiate 'Duoju' from 'Taiju'.

Keywords: HPLC; antioxidant capacity; chrysanthemum; phenolic compounds; principal component analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatography of phenolic compounds of (A) standards, (B) ‘DJ2′ sample and (C) ‘TJ4′ sample. Peak 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 represent 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, luteoloside, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, linarin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin, respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Score plot of principal component analysis. DJ and TJ represent ‘Duoju’ and ‘Taiju’ samples. (B) Loading plot of principal component analysis. DJn-1, DJn-2 and DJn-3 represent triplicate independent experiments of DJn (n range is 1-6). TJm-1, TJm-2 and TJm-3 represent triplicate independent experiments of TJm (m range is 1-9).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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