Aptamer-mediated N/Ce-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent and resonance Rayleigh scattering dual mode probe for arsenic(III)

Abstract

Carbon dots doped with N/Ce, N/Eu and N/Tb were prepared by a microwave based hydrothermal technique. The fluorescence of the N/Ce co-doped carbon dots (CD_N/Ce) is strongest. They have excitation/emission maxima at 340/441 nm. CD_N/Ce was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. On addition of the nucleic acid aptamer (Apt) against arsenic(III) in pH 7 solution, the blue fluorescence of the doped carbon dots is partially quenched due to electrostatic interaction. On addition of As(III), it will bind to the aptamer, and the carbon dots are released. Hence, fluorescence becomes gradually restored. In addition, the resonance Rayleigh scattering signal (measured at 340 nm) is reduced. This dual-mode assay works in the 0.5-5.8 μg·L^-1 As(III) concentration range and has a 0.2 μg·L^-1 detection limit. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of fluorometric and resonance Rayleigh scattering dual mode analysis of As³⁺ by using coupled Apt and CD_N/Ce probes. Apt: Aptamer. CD: Carbon dot. Flu: Fluorescence. RRS: Resonance Rayleigh scattering.

Keywords: As3 +; Dual mode analysis; Fluorescence; Rare earth-doped carbon dots; Single-stranded DNA.