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Review
. 2019 Aug 22;12(17):2683.
doi: 10.3390/ma12172683.

Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology-A Review

Kamil Pajor  1 , Lukasz Pajchel  1 , Joanna Kolmas  2
Affiliations
Review

Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology-A Review

Kamil Pajor et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Calcium phosphate, due to its similarity to the inorganic fraction of mineralized tissues, has played a key role in many areas of medicine, in particular, regenerative medicine and orthopedics. It has also found application in conservative dentistry and dental surgery, in particular, as components of toothpaste and mouth rinse, coatings of dental implants, cements, and bone substitute materials for the restoration of cavities in maxillofacial surgery. In dental applications, the most important role is played by hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, i.e., calcium phosphates characterized by the highest chemical stability and very low solubility. This paper presents the role of both apatites in dentistry and a review of recent achievements in the field of the application of these materials.

Keywords: calcium phosphates; dentistry; fluorapatite; hydroxyapatite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic picture of a molar tooth.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Calcium phosphates in biomedical applications.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic pictures of unit cells for: (a) HA and (b) FA.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of a dentin disc, showing notable tubule occlusion after keeping it in a mixture of artificial saliva and HA containing toothpaste for one week (6000× magnification) (reprinted from ref. [41] with permission).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dissolution behavior of powders with various amount of HA and FA: (a) 0% FA, (b) 20% FA, (c) 40% FA, (d) 60% FA, (e) 80% FA, (f) 100% FA in Tris buffer (pH 7.3) over a period of 1h (reprinted from ref. [62] with permission).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dental implants (by Friadent) coated with CaP by a plasma-spray process (a: 10×, b: 1000× magnification; a: 1mm, b: 10 µm scale bars) (reprinted from ref. [69] with permission).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Shows improvement of the interfacial bond strength in porous titanium with plasma-sprayed HA coating in comparison with uncoated porous titanium (reprinted from ref. [76] with permission).
Figure 8
Figure 8
SEM micrographs of biomimetic calcium phosphate coating. Magnification: 250× (left) and 2500× (right) (reprinted from ref. [74] with permission).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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