Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves feeding and aspiration status in medically complex children undergoing feeding therapy

Abstract

Objectives: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy in the head and neck has been effectively used to rehabilitate swallowing in adult patients with acquired dysphagia. Limited data is available for the effectiveness of NMES in medically complex children with dysphagia and aspiration. This study intends to determine the efficacy of NMES as a therapeutic adjunct to improve aspiration and feeding status in medically complex children with severe dysphagia undergoing comprehensive speech and swallow therapy.

Study design: Case series.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Subjects: and Methods: Medically complex children undergoing treatment for dysphagia using NMES during a three year period were included. Duration of treatment routinely ranged from 20 to 26 weeks. Demographic information, pre and post-NMES treatment aspiration status via modified barium swallow (MBS), and pre and post-NMES treatment feeding status were examined.

Results: 15 medically complex children underwent NMES as a component of their feeding therapy. The mean age was 2.51 ± 3.20 years. Mean pre-treatment Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS) was 3.07 ± 1.94. Following NMES, FOIS improved to 4.47 ± 2.26 (p < 0.0001). Fourteen patients were evaluated with MBS prior to NMES. Pre-treatment aspiration and penetration were noted in 10 and 2 patients respectively. Two patients did not aspirate on pre-treatment MBS. Improvement was noted in 9 of 11 children with post-treatment MBS.

Conclusion: NMES was safely completed in all children without complication. Improvement in aspiration status was seen in 83.3% of patients with pre- and post-treatment MBS. Feeding status as measured by textures was advanced in all patients with a significant improvement in FOIS. Future prospective studies are required to investigate the specific role in children with acquired and congenital dysphagia.

Keywords: Feeding therapy; Neuromuscular electrical stimulation; Pediatric dysphagia.