Distinct structural brain circuits indicate mood and apathy profiles in bipolar disorder

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between structural effects and clinical profiles has proved elusive when considered on a region by region or voxel by voxel basis. In this study, we applied parallel independent component analysis (pICA) to structural neuroimaging measures and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in 110 patients (mean age 34.9 ± 11.65) with bipolar disorder, to examine networks of brain regions that relate to symptom profiles. The pICA revealed two distinct symptom profiles and associated GM concentration alteration circuits. The first PANSS pICA profile mainly involved anxiety, depression and guilty feelings, reflecting mood symptoms. Reduced GM concentration in right temporal regions predicted worse mood symptoms in this profile. The second PANSS pICA profile generally covered blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, depression and active social avoidance, exhibiting a withdrawal or apathy dominating component. Lower GM concentration in bilateral parietal and frontal regions showed worse symptom severity in this profile. In summary, a pICA decomposition suggested BD patients showed distinct mood and apathy profiles differing from the original PANSS subscales, relating to distinct brain structural networks.

Fig. 1

Negative correlation between loading coefficients of the first PANSS component and sMRI component. Pearson's r = −0.41, P = 7.67 × 10⁻⁰⁶ (Bonferroni-corrected threshold = 6.67⁻⁰⁴).

Fig. 3

Negative correlation between loading coefficients of the second pair of PANSS component and the sMRI component. Pearson's r = −0. 35, P = 1.80 × 10⁻⁰⁴ (Bonferroni-corrected threshold = 6.67⁻⁰⁴).

Fig. 2

Parallel ICA results - the first pair – ‘mood’ component a) structural MRI and b) PANSS components. PANSS items with |Z| >1: N6 – Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation; G2 – Anxiety; G3 – Guilty feelings; G6 – Depression.

Fig. 4

Parallel ICA results - the second pair – ‘apathy’ component a) structural MRI and b) PANSS components. PANSS items with |Z| >1: P4 – Excitement; N1 – Blunted affect; N2 – Emotional withdrawal; N4 – Passive/apathetic social withdrawal; G3 – Guilty feelings; G6 – Depression;G16 – Active social avoidance.