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Review
. 2019 Aug 13:10:848.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00848. eCollection 2019.

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI for Functional Neurological Assessment

Giulia Mele  1 , Carlo Cavaliere  1 , Vincenzo Alfano  1 , Mario Orsini  1 , Marco Salvatore  1 , Marco Aiello  1
Affiliations
Review

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI for Functional Neurological Assessment

Giulia Mele et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases requires increasingly sophisticated tools for their diagnosis and monitoring. Clinical assessment takes advantage of objective parameters extracted by electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among others, to support clinical management of neurological diseases. The complementarity of these two tools can be now emphasized by the possibility of integrating the two technologies in a hybrid solution, allowing simultaneous acquisition of the two signals by the novel EEG-fMRI technology. This review will focus on simultaneous EEG-fMRI technology and related early studies, dealing about issues related to the acquisition and processing of simultaneous signals, and including critical discussion about clinical and technological perspectives.

Keywords: EEG; EEG spectra; fMRI; functional connectivity; multimodal image analysis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
EEG power spectrum. It presents a Topographic representation of Alpha power activity. Image obtained on a 40 years-old healthy volunteer with hybrid EEG-fMRI system and included for illustrative purpose only.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gradient artifact on electroencephalographic recording. It presents a broadband artifact covering the entire spectrum of EEG frequencies. The amplitude of the artifact is more than 1,000 times that of the EEG signal. Image obtained on a 40 years-old healthy volunteer with hybrid EEG-fMRI system and included for illustrative purpose only.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ballistocardiogram artifact. It has a maximum amplitude of about 100 microvolt and is most evident in the frequency range up to 30 Hz. The artifact undergoes spatio-temporal variability linked to cardiac activity. Image obtained on a 40 years-old healthy volunteer with hybrid EEG-fMRI system and included for illustrative purpose only.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pie chart. Proportion of EEG-fMRI studies in relation to neuropsychological impairments and healthy control subjects.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Source analysis. (Left) Sources localization of the EEG frequencies for a time period of 3 s, accomplished through the LORETA analysis. (Right) 3-s period electroencephalographic pattern of a healthy subject. Image obtained on a 40 years-old healthy volunteer with hybrid EEG-fMRI system and included for illustrative purpose only.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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