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. 2019 Aug 13:10:1724.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01724. eCollection 2019.

Anti-biofilm Action of Chenopodium ambrosioides Extract, Cytotoxic Potential and Effects on Acrylic Denture Surface

Patrícia Maria Wiziack Zago  1 , Simeone Júlio Dos Santos Castelo Branco  2 , Letícia de Albuquerque Bogéa Fecury  2 , Letícia Torres Carvalho  2 , Cláudia Quintino Rocha  3 , Petrus Levid Barros Madeira  2 , Eduardo Martins de Sousa  4 , Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo de Siqueira  2 , Marco Aurélio Benini Paschoal  5 , Rafael Soares Diniz  2 , Letícia Machado Gonçalves  2
Affiliations

Anti-biofilm Action of Chenopodium ambrosioides Extract, Cytotoxic Potential and Effects on Acrylic Denture Surface

Patrícia Maria Wiziack Zago et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Considering the challenge to control Candida-associated denture stomatitis, the search for antifungal substances derived from natural sources has become a trend in the literature. In this study the following effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides extract (CAE) were investigated: action against biofilms of Candida albicans, its cytotoxic potential, and changes caused in acrylic resin. The CAE was characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The susceptibility of C. albicans to CAE was investigated by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC) tests. Acrylic resin disks were fabricated, and C. albicans biofilms were developed on these for 48 h. Afterward the disks were immersed for 10 min in: PBS (Negative Control); 1% Sodium Hypochlorite (1% SH, Positive Control) or CAE at MIC or 5xMIC. The biofilms were investigated relative to counts and metabolic activity. The cytotoxic potential in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was verified by MTT test. Change in color and roughness of the acrylic resin was analyzed after 28 days of immersion in CAE. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA considering a 5% level of significance. The main compounds detected by HPLC were kaempferol and quercetin. Both MIC and MFC obtained the value of 0.25 mg/mL. The MIC was sufficient to significantly reduce the counts and activity of the biofilm cells (p < 0.0001), while 5xMIC resulted in almost complete eradication, similar to 1% SH. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to the MIC and 5xMIC presented cell viability similar to that of the Control Group (p > 0.05). No important changes in acrylic resin color and roughness were detected, even after 28 days. It could be concluded that the immersion of acrylic resin in C. ambrosioides extract in its minimum inhibitory concentration was effective for the reduction of C. albicans biofilms without any evidence of cytotoxic effects or changes in roughness and color of this substrate.

Keywords: C. albicans; biofilms; candidosis; denture; natural products.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Effect of CAE on cell counts of C. albicans biofilm. Different symbols (*, ∗∗, ∗∗∗) indicate statistically significant difference among the groups (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, p < 0.05).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effect of CAE on metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilm. Different symbols (*, ∗∗, ∗∗∗) indicate statistically significant difference among the groups (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, p < 0.05).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Cytotoxic activity of CAE in different concentrations on keratinocytes after (A) 24 h and (B) 48 h of exposure. Cytotoxic activity of CAE in different concentrations on fibroblasts after (C) 24 h and (D) 48 h of exposure. Different symbols (*, ∗∗) indicate statistically significant difference among the groups (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test, p < 0.05).
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