[Health insurance coverage: the peruvian case since the universal insurance act]
- PMID: 31460630
- DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2019.362.3998
[Health insurance coverage: the peruvian case since the universal insurance act]
Abstract
Objective.: To describe the trends in health insurance coverage (HIC) in Peru during the period 2009-2017 and evaluate associations with demographic, social and economic factors.
Materials and methods.: We carried out a secondary data-analysis from the Peruvian National Household Survey. For each year, we estimated the global HIC, for the Integral Health Insurance (SIS) and the Social Security system (EsSalud). In addition, we performed a trend analysis. For 2009 (Universal Health Insurance Act), 2013 (health care reform act) and 2017, we used a polytomous variable for the insurance type (SIS/EsSalud/Non-affiliated). We performed logistic multinomial regressions to estimate relative prevalence ratios (RPR) and their 95% CI with correction for complex sampling.
Results.: We observed an increasing trend in the global HIC (2009:60.5%; 2013:65.5%; 2017:76.4%), SIS coverage (2009:34%; 2013:35.4%; 2017:47%) and EsSalud coverage (2009:22.8%; 2013:26.4%; 2017:26.3%). Multinomial logistic regressions showed that being a woman increased the likelihood to be affiliated to the SIS (RPR= 2009:1.64 and 2017:1.53), while people between 18 and 39 years old, living in Lima Metropolitan area under non-poverty conditions reduced the likelihood to be affiliated to the SIS (RPR= 2009:0.16 and 2017:0.31; 2009:0.17 and 2017:0.37; 2009:0.51 and 2017:0.53; respectively). Furthermore, being a woman, 65 years old or over, living in urban Lima, and under non-poverty conditions increased the likelihood of being affiliated with the EsSalud (RPR= 2013:1.12 and 2017:1.24; 2013:1.32 and 2017:1.34; 2009:2.18 and 2017:2.08; 2009:2.14 and 2017:2.54; 2009:3.57 and 2017:2.53; respectively).
Conclusions.: HIC has increased during the period 2009-2017. However, the characteristics of those affiliated are different between the various types of health insurance.
Objetivo.: Describir la evolución de la cobertura de aseguramiento en salud (CAS) en Perú para el periodo 2009-2017 y evaluar los principales factores demográficos, sociales y económicos asociados.
Materiales y métodos.: Realizamos un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares. Para cada año estimamos la CAS global, del Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS) y del Seguro Social en Salud (EsSalud), y realizamos pruebas de tendencias anuales. Para los años 2009 (Ley de Aseguramiento Universal en Salud), 2013 (reforma del sector salud) y 2017, construimos una variable politómica del tipo de aseguramiento (SIS/EsSalud/No asegurado) y estimamos razones relativas de prevalencia (RRP) con intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95% mediante modelos logísticos multinomiales para muestras complejas.
Resultados.: Observamos un incremento en la CAS global (2009: 60,5%; 2013: 65,5%; 2017: 76,4%), en el SIS (2009: 34%; 2013: 35,4%; 2017: 47%) y en EsSalud (2009: 22,8%; 2013: 26,4%; 2017: 26,3%). Observamos que ser mujer aumentó la posibilidad de afiliación al SIS (RRP=2009: 1,64 y 2017: 1,53), mientras que tener entre 18 y 39 años, residir Lima Metropolitana y ser no pobre redujeron esa posibilidad (RRP=2009: 0,16 y 2017: 0,31; 2009: 0,17 y 2017: 0,37; 2009: 0,51 y 2017: 0,53; respectivamente). Por su parte, ser mujer, tener más de 65 años, ser del ámbito urbano, residir en Lima Metropolitana y ser no pobre aumentó la probabilidad de estar afiliados a EsSalud (RRP=2013: 1,12 y 2017: 1,24; 2013: 1,32 y 2017: 1,34; 2009: 2,18 y 2017: 2,08; 2009: 2,14 y 2017: 2,54; 2009: 3,57 y 2017: 2,53; respectivamente).
Conclusiones.: La CAS ha incrementado durante el periodo 2009-2017. No obstante, las características de la población asegurada difieren de acuerdo con el tipo de seguro.
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