Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Nov;39(6):603-609.
doi: 10.1111/scd.12415. Epub 2019 Aug 28.

Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review

Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez  1 , Alexandre Franco-Miranda  2 , Alejandra Loyola-Leyva  3 , Bulfrano Perez-Elizalde  4 , Guillermo Contreras-Palma  1 , Oscar Sanchez-Adame  4
Affiliations
Review

Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review

Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez et al. Spec Care Dentist. 2019 Nov.

Abstract

The purpose of this statement is to debate the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis through an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its relation with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Since dental infections involve biofilms that include several bacterial species (Gram-negative and Gram-positive), it is essential, from the dental point of view, to consider the frequency, magnitude, and duration of bacteremia associated with active dental infections before applying antibiotic prophylaxis. The actual guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis should be revised according to recent evidence of bacterial resistance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and moxifloxacin should be considered due to their effectiveness against bacteria associated with oral, GU, and GI infections and the low rates of antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics, instead of the actual protocol, which includes amoxicillin (2 g) or clindamycin (600 mg) administered an hour before the dental procedures. The breaking point to test the antibiotic bacterial resistance (ABR) had a wide range in the different studies that were analyzed, which could explain the widely varied ABR percentages reported for the various antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis.

Keywords: infection control; microbiology; public health dentistry.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Tornos P, Gonzalez-Alujas T, Thuny F, Habib G. Infective endocarditis: the European viewpoint. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2011;36(5):175-222.
    1. Duval X, Leport C. Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis: current tendencies, continuing controversies. Lancet. 2008;8:225-232.
    1. Duval X, Alla F, Hoen B, et al. Estimated risk of endocarditis in adults with predisposing cardiac conditions undergoing dental procedures with and without antibiotic prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42(12):102-107.
    1. Cogulu D, Uzel A, Oncag O, Eronat C. PCR-based identification of selected pathogens associated with endodontic infections in deciduous and permanent teeth. Oral Sur Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(3):443-449.
    1. Roberts GJ, Jaffray EC, Spratt DA, et al. Duration, prevalence and intensity of bacteraemia after dental extractions in children. Heart. 2006;92(9):1271-1277.

Substances

LinkOut - more resources