Long-Lived, Strongly Emissive, and Highly Reducing Excited States in Mo(0) Complexes with Chelating Isocyanides

Abstract

Newly discovered tris(diisocyanide)molybdenum(0) complexes are Earth-abundant isoelectronic analogues of the well-known class of [Ru(α-diimine)₃]²⁺ compounds with long-lived ³MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited states that lead to rich photophysics and photochemistry. Depending on ligand design, luminescence quantum yields up to 0.20 and microsecond excited state lifetimes are achieved in solution at room temperature, both significantly better than those for [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)₃]²⁺. The excited Mo(0) complexes can induce chemical reactions that are thermodynamically too demanding for common precious metal-based photosensitizers, including the widely employed fac-[Ir(2-phenylpyridine)₃] complex, as demonstrated on a series of light-driven aryl-aryl coupling reactions. The most robust Mo(0) complex exhibits stable photoluminescence and remains photoactive after continuous irradiation exceeding 2 months. Our comprehensive optical spectroscopic and photochemical study shows that Mo(0) complexes with diisocyanide chelate ligands constitute a new family of luminophores and photosensitizers, which is complementary to precious metal-based 4d⁶ and 5d⁶ complexes and represents an alternative to nonemissive Fe(II) compounds. This is relevant in the greater context of sustainable photophysics and photochemistry, as well as for possible applications in lighting, sensing, and catalysis.