Long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: Functional roles and clinical implications

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. LncRNAs have been documented to exhibit aberrant expression in various types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Currently, screening for prostate cancer results in overdiagnosis. The consequent overtreatment of patients with indolent disease in the clinic is due to the lack of appropriately sensitive and specific biomarkers. Thus, the identification of lncRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer is promising. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of lncRNA expression patterns and mechanisms in prostate cancer. In particular, we focus on lncRNAs regulated by the androgen receptor and the specific molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in prostate cancer to provide a potential clinical therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.

Keywords: Androgen receptor; Biomarkers; Castration-resistant prostate cancer; DNA damage; ceRNA.