Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Feb;52(2):449-456.
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002144.

Physical Performance Measures Correlate with Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football

Mireille E Kelley, Derek A Jones, Mark A Espeland  1 , Meagan L Rosenberg  2 , Christopher M Miles  3 , Christopher T Whitlow  4 , Joseph A Maldjian  5 , Joel D Stitzel, Jillian E Urban
Affiliations

Physical Performance Measures Correlate with Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football

Mireille E Kelley et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: Head impact exposure (HIE) (i.e., magnitude and frequency of impacts) can vary considerably among individuals within a single football team. To better understand individual-specific factors that may explain variation in head impact biomechanics, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical performance measures and HIE metrics in youth football players.

Methods: Head impact data were collected from youth football players using the Head Impact Telemetry System. Head impact exposure was quantified in terms of impact frequency, linear and rotational head acceleration, and risk-weighted cumulative exposure metrics (RWELinear, RWERotational, and RWECP). Study participants completed four physical performance tests: vertical jump, shuttle run, three-cone, and 40-yard sprint. The relationships between performance measures, and HIE metrics were evaluated using linear regression analyses.

Results: A total of 51 youth football athletes (ages, 9-13 yr) completed performance testing and received combined 13,770 head impacts measured with the Head Impact Telemetry System for a full season. All performance measures were significantly correlated with total number of impacts in a season, RWELinear-Season, and all RWE-Game metrics. The strongest relationships were between 40-yard sprint speed and all RWE-Game metrics (all P ≤ 0.0001 and partial R > 0.3). The only significant relationships among HIE metrics in practice were between shuttle run speed and total practice impacts and RWELinear-Practices, 40 yard sprint speed and total number of practice impacts, and three-cone speed and 95th percentile number of impacts/practice.

Conclusions: Generally, higher vertical jump height and faster times in speed and agility drills were associated with higher HIE, especially in games. Physical performance explained less variation in HIE in practices, where drills and other factors, such as coaching style, may have a larger influence on HIE.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. The results of the present study do not constitute endorsement by ACSM. The results of the study are presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Setup for the (left) shuttle run and (right) 3-cone drills.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Empirical cumulative distribution (CDF) plots of HIE metrics stratified by session type.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Davenport EM, Apkarian K, Whitlow CT, Urban JE, Jensen JH, Szuch E, et al. Abnormalities in Diffusional Kurtosis Metrics Related to Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football. J Neurotrauma. 2016;33(23):2133–46. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bahrami N, Sharma D, Rosenthal S, Davenport EM, Urban JE, Wagner B, et al. Subconcussive Head Impact Exposure and White Matter Tract Changes over a Single Season of Youth Football. Radiology. 2016;281(3):919–26. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Talavage TM, Nauman EA, Breedlove EL, Yoruk U, Dye AE, Morigaki KE, et al. Functionally-detected cognitive impairment in high school football players without clinically-diagnosed concussion. J Neurotrauma. 2014;31(4):327–38. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gavett BE, Stern RA, McKee AC. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a potential late effect of sport-related concussive and subconcussive head trauma. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):179–88, xi. - PMC - PubMed
    1. McKee AC, Cantu RC, Nowinski CJ, Hedley-Whyte ET, Gavett BE, Budson AE, et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2009;68(7):709–35. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types