[Representations of high blood pressure in France: An exploratory study]

Abstract

Aim of the study: Non-adherence to treatment is one of the problems practitioners face with regard to hypertension. This lack of compliance is often attributed to disease representations. Understanding their nature can therefore help to better target therapeutic education messages and thus, increase compliance.

Method: It is in this context that the « groupe infirmiers et acteurs de la SFHTA » initiated a qualitative exploratory study of the representations of arterial hypertension in France. The study covered three sites: Bordeaux, Lyon and Nancy. Interviews with patients were conducted by the members of the group. Questions included the disease definition, its causes and consequences. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim; they were analyzed with Nvivo pro® 11 software.

Results: HTA is discovered accidentally. Patients define the disease according to their experience of symptoms, their perceptions of risks and the disease's consequences. The thresholds of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are unknown; most of the patients ignore their levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Besides, the fluctuating levels of blood pressure and conflicting messages about "lifestyle" generate confusion. HTA remains associated with stress. Regarding the burden of the disease, having to take a daily medication engendered anxieties, before being integrated into daily routines. The study also showed that patients have the desire to "pay attention" to their diet primarily.

Conclusion: This study showed the need to strengthen the training of health professionals and harmonize educational messages, which would allow patients to integrate new recommendations without stress.

Keywords: Arterial hypertension; France; Hypertension artérielle; Representations; Représentations.