Management Principles Associated With Cytokine Release Syndrome

Abstract

Objective: To discuss current recommendations and resources for nurses to ensure they advocate for patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS).

Data sources: A literature search using key terms: cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, CAR T, adverse events.

Conclusion: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy is a growing and rapidly changing field of research. Prompt recognition and management of the side effects of CAR T-cell therapy is pivotal to the safe outcomes of patients. As patients are treated with these novel therapies, additional recommendations and standards for treating CRS and neurotoxicity will occur.

Implication for nursing practice: Nursing plays a pivotal role in the CAR T patients' treatment course because they are the first line of defense in the care of these patients. Providers and patients both rely on nursing knowledge and training to recognize symptoms of CRS and neurotoxicity. With the early recognition of the signs and symptoms of CRS and neurotoxicity, nursing will help improve the outcomes of the patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy.

Keywords: Adverse events; Axicabtagene ciloleucel; CAR T; Cytokine release syndrome; Neurotoxicity; Tisagenlecleucel; Tocilizumab.