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. 2019 Aug 31;11(9):1431.
doi: 10.3390/polym11091431.

The Use of Waste from the Production of Rapeseed Oil for Obtaining of New Polyurethane Composites

Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska  1 , Marcin Borowicz  2 , Marek Isbrandt  3 , Bogusław Czupryński  4 , Łukasz Apiecionek  5
Affiliations

The Use of Waste from the Production of Rapeseed Oil for Obtaining of New Polyurethane Composites

Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

This article presents the results of research on obtaining new polyurethane materials modified by a by-product from vegetable oils industry-rapeseed cake. The chemical composition of rapeseed cake was examined. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams containing a milled rapeseed cake in their composition were obtained as part of the conducted research. Biofiller was added in amount of 30 wt.% up to 60 wt.%. Effects of rapeseed cake on the foaming process, cell structure and selected properties of foams, such as apparent density, compressive strength, brittleness, flammability, absorbability, water absorption, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity are described. The foaming process of RPU/PIR foams modified by rapeseed cake was characterized by a lower reactivity, lower foaming temperature and decrease in dielectric polarization. This resulted in a slowed formation of the polyurethane matrix. Apparent density of RPU/PIR foams with biofiller was higher than in unmodified foam. Addition of rapeseed cake did not have a significant influence on the thermal conductivity of obtained materials. However, we observed a tendency for opening the cells of modified foams and obtaining a smaller cross-sectional area of cells. This led to an increase of absorbability and water absorption of obtained materials. However, an advantageous effect of using rapeseed cake in polyurethane formulations was noted. Modified RPU/PIR foams had higher compressive strength, lower brittleness and lower flammability than reference foam.

Keywords: biofiller; polyurethane properties; rapeseed cake; rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Rapeseed cake: (a) pellet, (b) milled pellet.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Change in height (H), temperature (T), pressure (p) and dielectric polarization (D) of reaction mixture during foaming process for M0 foam without biofiller.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Change in height (H), temperature (T), pressure (p) and dielectric polarization (D) of reaction mixture during foaming process for M30 foam with 30 wt.% of biofiller.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Change in height (H), temperature (T), pressure (p) and dielectric polarization (D) of reaction mixture during foaming process for M60 foam with 60 wt.% of biofiller.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM micrographs of RPU/PIR foams surface (in parallel direction to foam rise) of reference foam (a) and foams modified by 30 wt.% (b) and 60 wt.% (c) of rapeseed cake.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dependence between content of rapeseed cake, apparent density and compressive strength in the parallel direction to foams rise.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Dependence between content of rapeseed cake, combustion residue and limited oxygen index (LOI).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thermogram of reference foam (M0) and modified foam containing 60 wt.% of bio-filler (M60).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of reference foam (M0) and modified foam containing 60 wt.% of bio-filler (M60).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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