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. 2019 Nov;63(22):e1900659.
doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900659. Epub 2019 Sep 23.

A Metabolomic Study of Biomarkers of Habitual Coffee Intake in Four European Countries

Joseph A Rothwell  1 , Pekka Keski-Rahkonen  1 , Nivonirina Robinot  1 , Nada Assi  1 , Corinne Casagrande  1 , Mazda Jenab  1 , Pietro Ferrari  1 , Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault  2   3 , Yahya Mahamat-Saleh  2   3 , Francesca Romana Mancini  2   3 , Heiner Boeing  4 , Verena Katzke  5 , Tilman Kühn  5 , Katerina Niforou  6 , Antonia Trichopoulou  6 , Elisavet Valanou  6   7 , Vittorio Krogh  8 , Amalia Mattiello  9 , Domenico Palli  10 , Carlotta Sacerdote  11 , Rosario Tumino  12 , Augustin Scalbert  1
Affiliations

A Metabolomic Study of Biomarkers of Habitual Coffee Intake in Four European Countries

Joseph A Rothwell et al. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Nov.

Abstract

Scope: The goal of this work is to identify circulating biomarkers of habitual coffee intake using a metabolomic approach, and to investigate their associations with coffee intake in four European countries.

Methods and results: Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling is performed on serum samples from 451 participants of the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) originating from France, Germany, Greece, and Italy. Eleven coffee metabolites are found to be associated with self-reported habitual coffee intake, including eight more strongly correlated (r = 0.25-0.51, p < 10E-07 ). Trigonelline shows the highest correlation, followed by caffeine, two caffeine metabolites (paraxanthine and 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil), quinic acid, and three compounds derived from coffee roasting (cyclo(prolyl-valyl), cyclo(isoleucyl-prolyl), cyclo(leucyl-prolyl), and pyrocatechol sulfate). Differences in the magnitude of correlations are observed between countries, with trigonelline most highly correlated with coffee intake in France and Germany, quinic acid in Greece, and cyclo(isoleucyl-prolyl) in Italy.

Conclusion: Several biomarkers of habitual coffee intake are identified. No unique biomarker is found to be optimal for all tested populations. Instead, optimal biomarkers are shown to depend on the population and on the type of coffee consumed. These biomarkers should help to further explore the role of coffee in disease risk.

Keywords: coffee; dietary biomarkers; diketopiperazines; metabolomics; trigonelline.

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