Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Sep 4;19(1):1223.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7357-1.

A cross-sectional study on factors associated with hypertension and genetic polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Chinese hui pilgrims to hajj

Yinxia Zhang  1   2 , Fangfang Shi  3 , Zhanbiao Yu  4 , Aimin Yang  5 , Maolan Zeng  2 , Jiaoyue Wang  6 , Haiping Yin  6 , Benzhong Zhang  7 , Xiao Ma  8
Affiliations

A cross-sectional study on factors associated with hypertension and genetic polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Chinese hui pilgrims to hajj

Yinxia Zhang et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the studies on lifestyle and genetic risks in Chinese pilgrims to Hajj was limited. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and associated lifestyle and genetic risks for hypertension among Hui Hajj pilgrims in China.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data in 1,465 participants aged 30-70 years who participated in a medical examination for Hui Hajj pilgrims from Gansu province, China in 2017. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of potential risk factors with hypertension. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymorphism was examined at sites in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 47% among this population. Lifestyle factors such as fried food preference (like vs. dislike: odds ratio [OR]: =1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.09) and barbecued food preference (like vs. dislike: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.97) were associated with elevated risk of hypertension among Hui pilgrims. Comparing with Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) rs4425 AA genotype, TT genotype was associated with hypertension risk (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17-4.00). Similar results were also observed for ACE rs4437 CC genotype (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.55), Angiotensin II receptor (ATR) rs129876 AA genotype (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.30-7.32) and Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) rs1912 TT genotype (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.57-5.06) genotypes.

Conclusions: Unhealthy lifestyle and genetic factors were associated with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese Hui pilgrims and their interactions were also observed.

Keywords: Hypertension; Pilgrims; Polymorphism; RAAS.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Associations between basic characteristics and hypertension risk in Hui pilgrims to Hajj. The dots and horizontal lines are ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The polymorphic loci of tested genes in the studied Hui Pilgrims to Hajj
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The linkage disequilibrium patterns of ACE polymorphisms
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Associations between genotypes and risk of hypertension in Chinese pilgrims to Hajj. The dots and horizontal lines are ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for: age, sex, marital status, monthly family income, BMI, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diabetes and family history of hypertension
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Padmanabhan S, Caulfield M, Dominiczak AF. Genetic and molecular aspects of hypertension. Circ Res. 2015;116:937–959. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303647. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lynch AI, Tang W, Shi G, Devereux RB, et al. Epistatic effects of ACE I/D and AGT gene variants on left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients, the HyperGEN study. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26:133–140. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2010.131. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gu D, Kelly TN, Hixson JE, et al. Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and salt sensitivity of blood pressure. J Hypertens. 2010;28:1210–1220. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rapsomaniki E, Timmis A, George J, et al. Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases, lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1·25 million people. Lancet. 2014;383:1899–1911. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60685-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kearney Patricia M, Whelton Megan, Reynolds Kristi, Muntner Paul, Whelton Paul K, He Jiang. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet. 2005;365(9455):217–223. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1. - DOI - PubMed