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Review
. 2019 Aug 27:6:283.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00283. eCollection 2019.

Cytological Grading of Breast Tumors-The Human and Canine Perspective

Krithiga Kuppusamy  1 , Aarathi Rajan  1 , Aarathy Warrier  1 , Revathy Nadhan  1 , Dipyaman Patra  1 , Priya Srinivas  1
Affiliations
Review

Cytological Grading of Breast Tumors-The Human and Canine Perspective

Krithiga Kuppusamy et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Human breast cancers (HBCs) are one of the leading causes of global cancer death among women. Domesticated canines are the most affected domestic species with a prevalence rate of breast cancer more than three times in women. While the human cancer patients receive substantial diagnostic and treatment facilities, inadequacy in canine cancer care, calls for greater attention. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is comparatively simple, quick, and easily reproducible technique, which aids in pre-surgical diagnosis. In humans, FNAC has a standard protocol, the Robinson's grading system, which has high correlation with the established histological grading system of Scarff Bloom- Richardson. However, Canine Mammary Tumors (CMTs), which are known to be similar to HBCs in biological behavior and gene expressions, still bank on the histopathological methods for diagnostic purposes. This review sheds light on various factors that could be considered for developing a standard FNAC technique for CMT grading and analyzes its future perspectives.

Keywords: breast; canine; cytology; grading; human; tumor.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different types of tumors and the cytological parameters currently used in canines for differentiating malignant and benign tumors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illustration depicting the appearance of cells that could be considered for different cytological grades in CMT.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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