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. 2019 Sep 5;24(4):63-72.
doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.063-072.oar.

Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

Sonia Patricia Plaza  1 , Andreina Reimpell  1 , Jaime Silva  1 , Diana Montoya  1
Affiliations

Relationship between skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions with vertical skeletal pattern

Sonia Patricia Plaza et al. Dental Press J Orthod. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the association between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and assess which cephalometric variables contribute to the possibility of developing skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalogram radiographs from 548 subjects (325 female, 223 male) aged 18 to 66 years. Sagittal skeletal pattern was established by three different classification parameters (ANB angle, Wits and App-Bpp) and vertical skeletal pattern by SN-Mandibular plane angle. Cephalometric variables were measured using Dolphin software (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, USA) by a previously calibrated operator. The statistical analysis was carried out with Chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and an ordinal multinomial regression model.

Results: Evidence of association (p< 0.05) between sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns was found with a greater proportion of hyperdivergent skeletal pattern in Class II malocclusion using three parameters to assess the vertical pattern, and there was more prevalent hypodivergence in Class III malocclusion, considering ANB and App-Bpp measurements. Subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal pattern (odds ratio [OR]=1.85-3.65), maxillary prognathism (OR=2.67-24.88) and mandibular retrognathism (OR=2.57-22.65) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class II malocclusion. Meanwhile, subjects with maxillary retrognathism (OR=2.76-100.59) and mandibular prognathism (OR=5.92-21.50) had a significantly (p< 0.05) greater chance of developing skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Conclusions: A relationship was found between Class II and Class III malocclusion with the vertical skeletal pattern. There is a tendency toward skeletal compensation with both vertical and sagittal malocclusions.

Objetivo:: o objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre os padrões esqueléticos sagitais e verticais, e avaliar quais variáveis esqueléticas podem influenciar na chance de desenvolver uma má oclusão de Classe II ou de Classe III esquelética.

Métodos:: foi feito um estudo transversal, cuja amostra incluiu radiografias cefalométricas laterais pré-tratamento de 548 pacientes (325 mulheres, 223 homens), com idades entre 18 e 66 anos. O padrão esquelético sagital foi estabelecido por meio de três parâmetros distintos de classificação (ângulo ANB, Wits, App-Bpp); e o padrão esquelético vertical, por meio do ângulo SN.Plano Mandibular. As variáveis cefalométricas foram aferidas utilizando-se o software Dolphin (Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif, EUA) por um avaliador previamente calibrado. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado, teste ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis e modelo de regressão multinomial ordinal.

Resultados:: foram encontradas evidências de associação significativa (p< 0,05) entre os padrões esqueléticos sagitais e verticais, com maior proporção do padrão esquelético hiperdivergente nas más oclusões de Classe II, segundo os três parâmetros utilizados. Na Classe III, houve maior proporção do padrão esquelético hipodivergente, considerando-se os parâmetros ANB e App-Bpp. Pacientes com padrões esqueléticos hiperdivergentes (odds ratio [OR] = 1,85 - 3,65), prognatismo maxilar (OR=2,67 - 24,88) e retrognatismo mandibular (OR=2,57 - 22,65) apresentaram chance significativamente maior (p< 0,05) de desenvolver má oclusão esquelética de Classe II. Por outro lado, pacientes com retrognatismo maxilar (OR=2,76 - 100,59) e prognatismo mandibular (OR=5,92 - 21,50) apresentaram uma chance significativamente maior (p< 0,05) de desenvolver má oclusão esquelética de Classe III.

Conclusões:: Foi encontrada uma associação entre as más oclusões de Classe II e Classe III e o padrão esquelético vertical. Há uma tendência à compensação esquelética tanto nas más oclusões verticais quanto nas sagitais.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no commercial, proprietary or financial interest in the products or companies described in this article.

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