Conflicts of interest

The authors disclose the following: Dr Vos reports personal fees from AMRA, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Intercept, Shire, Mallinrockdt, Novo Nordisk, Target Pharmasolutions and grants from Gemphire, Immuron, Target Pharmasolutions and Resonance Health Ltd. Dr Schwimmer reports ad hoc consulting fees from NovoNordisk and grants from Galmed and Intercept. Stephanie Noviello is a former employee and current stockholder of Bristol-Myers Squibb, and a stockholder of Merck and Johnson & Johnson. Debra G. Silberg is a full-time employee of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company (previously Shire). Richard Torstenson is a former employee of Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark and currently a full-time employee and stockholder of Allergan, UK. Dr Miller is an employee of the Forum for Collaborative Research, which receives contributions from the following companies: AbbVie, Afimmune, Aligos Therapeutics, Allergan, AMRA, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celera (Quest), Celgene, Cirius Therapeutics, Conatus, ConSynance Therapeutics, Covance Owned by LabCorp, CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting Services, Cymabay, Deuterx (Poxel), DiaPharma, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Enanta Pharmaceuticals, ENYO Pharma, Exalenz, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Fractyl, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead, GSK, HepQuant, HistoIndex Pte Ltd, Humedics GmbH, ICON, Immuron, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva Pharma, Janssen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, MEDIAN Technologies, MediciNova, Morphic Therapeutic, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Nordic Bioscience, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, NuSirt, Perspectum Diagnostics, Pfizer, Pliant Therapeutics, ProSciento, Resonance Health, Resoundant, Shire, Syneos Health, Takeda, TARGET PharmaSolutions, VLVBio, Zafgen, and Zealand. Dr Lavine reports ad hoc consulting fees from Merck, Pfizer, Janssen, Allergan, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Viking, Madrigal, Horizon, and Target PharmaSolutions.