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Review
. 2019 Nov:188:107795.
doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107795. Epub 2019 Sep 13.

Update on the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma

Affiliations
Review

Update on the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma

Hannah Youngblood et al. Exp Eye Res. 2019 Nov.

Abstract

Affecting nearly 80 million individuals, glaucoma is the number one cause of irreversible blindness in the world. This ocular disease describes a set of optic neuropathies of which primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common. POAG is associated with progressive visual field deterioration resulting from damage to the optic nerve and loss of retinal ganglion cells. Risk factors for POAG include elevated intraocular pressure, aging, African and Hispanic ancestry, and a positive family history of POAG. Multiple genes have been found to contribute to POAG. Much of POAG genetics and pathology has yet to be explained. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of novel loci associated with POAG and its endophenotypes. Genomic and proteomic profiling of biofluids has contributed to our knowledge of differential gene expression in POAG. Functional studies both in cell culture and animal models have confirmed the effects of variants and differential gene expression on ocular physiology while in silico analyses have increased our understanding of disease risk and progression so that we might better diagnose and treat this complex genetic illness.

Keywords: Aqueous humor; Endophenotype; GWAS; Genetics; Glaucoma; Intraocular pressure; POAG; Proteomics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interest statement: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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