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. 2019 Aug 27;4(11):14503-14510.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01684. eCollection 2019 Sep 10.

Cobalt(II) Diphenylazodioxide Complexes Induce Apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 Cells

Norah J Alghamdi  1 , Lakshmi Balaraman  1 , Kylin A Emhoff  1 , Ahmed M H Salem  1 , Ruhan Wei  1 , Aimin Zhou  1 , W Christopher Boyd  1
Affiliations

Cobalt(II) Diphenylazodioxide Complexes Induce Apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 Cells

Norah J Alghamdi et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

The cobalt(II) complex salts [Co(bpy)(az)2](PF6)2 and [Co(az)4](PF6), each bearing the unusual cis-N,N'-diphenylazodioxide ligand, were both screened as possible anticancer agents against SK-HEP-1 liver cancer cells. Both compounds were found to induce substantial apoptosis as an increasing function of concentration and time. Measurement of apoptosis-related proteins indicated that both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis were activated. The apoptotic activity induced by these salts is not displayed either by simple cobalt(II) salts or complexes or by the free nitrosobenzene ligand. Additionally, these compounds did not induce apoptosis, as assessed by poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage, in several other cell lines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Structures of Cobalt(II) Azodioxide Complexes 1 and 2
Figure 1
Figure 1
Cell morphology after treatment with compound 1 for 12 h.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cell morphology after treatment with compound 2 for 12 h.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow cytometry results for treatment with compounds 1 and 2 (10 μM, 12 h).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Concentration-dependent protein levels after 12 h of treatment with compounds 1 or 2.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Time-dependent protein levels after treatment with compounds 1 or 2 at 2 μM concentration.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of compounds 1 and 2 on ROS levels in SK-HEP-1 cells.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of starting materials and Co(phen)Cl2 (12 h, 10 μM) on PARP cleavage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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