Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Sep 17;19(18):4010.
doi: 10.3390/s19184010.

Height Variation Depending on the Source of Antenna Phase Centre Corrections: LEIAR25.R3 Case Study

Andrzej Araszkiewicz  1 , Damian Kiliszek  2 , Anna Podkowa  3
Affiliations

Height Variation Depending on the Source of Antenna Phase Centre Corrections: LEIAR25.R3 Case Study

Andrzej Araszkiewicz et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, we compared two sets of antenna phase center corrections for groups of the same type of antenna mounted at the continuously operating global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reference stations. The first set involved type mean models provided by the International GNSS Service (release igs08), while the second set involved individual models developed by Geo++. Our goal was to check which set gave better results in the case of height estimation. The paper presents the differences between models and their impact on resulting height. Analyses showed that, in terms of the stability of the determined height, as well as its variability caused by increasing the facade mask, both models gave very similar results. Finally, we present a method for how to estimate the impact of differences in phase center corrections on height changes.

Keywords: GPS antenna; height estimates; minimum observation angle; phase center variations.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of the stations included in this research. Red points indicate stations equipped with analyzed antennas, while green points indicate the reference stations used for network alignment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differences in the phase center corrections (PCCs) for “ionosphere-free” linear combination for the LEIAR25.R3 LEIT antenna at selected EUREF permanent global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network (EPN) stations.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Height repeatability depending of applied elevation mask.
Figure 4
Figure 4
On the left, height changes related to applied elevation mask are shown. For each station, the reference height was calculated as a weighted average from all 18 solutions. On the right, height differences between corresponding solutions are shown (green − red).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comparison of the difference in PCC (dPCC; left) and mean differences between solution sol_i_0 and sol_t_0 (right). Stations with positive bias are shown in green, while those with negative bias are shown in red.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation between mean value of dPCCs for selected sections and estimated height differences (dH). Three sections of dPCC are shown: (A) from 0 to 90; (B) from 0 to 50; (C) from 0 to 15.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Difference in phase centre correction between individual model (#SN: 40012, mounted at OST6, Sweden) and International GNSS Service (IGS) type mean consecutive releases (IGS05, IGS08, and IGS14).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chen H., Jiang W., Li J. Multi-GNSS Relative Positioning with Fixed Inter-System Ambiguity. Remote Sens. 2019;11:454. doi: 10.3390/rs11040454. - DOI
    1. Duong V., Harima K., Choy S., Laurichesse D., Rizos C. An optimal linear combination model to accelerate PPP convergence using multi-frequency multi-GNSS measurements. GPS Solut. 2019;23:49. doi: 10.1007/s10291-019-0842-2. - DOI
    1. Kiliszek D., Szolucha M., Kroszczynski K. Accuracy of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with the use of different International GNSS Service (IGS) products and stochastic modelling. Geod. Cartogr. 2018;67:207–238. doi: 10.24425/gac.2018.125472. - DOI
    1. Prochniewicz D., Szpunar R., Walo J. A new study of describing the reliability of GNSS Network RTK positioning with the use of quality indicators. Meas. Sci. Technol. 2017;28:015012. doi: 10.1088/1361-6501/28/1/015012. - DOI
    1. Li B. Review of triple-frequency GNSS: Ambiguity resolution, benefits and challenges. J. Glob. Position. Syst. 2018;16 doi: 10.1186/s41445-018-0010-y. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources