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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2019 Oct;121(9):796-804.
doi: 10.1038/s41416-019-0579-2. Epub 2019 Sep 23.

Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial

Jing Zhao  1 , Ayush Giri  2 , Xiangzhu Zhu  1 , Martha J Shrubsole  1 , Yixing Jiang  3 , Xingyi Guo  1 , Reid Ness  4 , Douglas L Seidner  4 , Edward Giovannucci  5 , Todd L Edwards  1 , Qi Dai  6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Calcium: magnesium intake ratio and colorectal carcinogenesis, results from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial

Jing Zhao et al. Br J Cancer. 2019 Oct.

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate the associations between calcium and various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and whether these associations are modified by the calcium to magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio.

Methods: We tested our hypotheses in the prostate lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial.

Results: Calcium intake did not show a dose-response association with incident adenoma of any size/stage (P-trend = 0.17), but followed an inverse trend when restricted to synchronous/advanced adenoma cases (P-trend = 0.05). This inverse trend was mainly in participants with Ca:Mg ratios between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.05). No significant associations were observed for metachronous adenoma. Calcium intake was inversely associated with CRC (P-trend = 0.03); the association was primarily present for distal CRC (P-trend = 0.01). The inverse association between calcium and distal CRC was further modified by the Ca:Mg ratio (P-interaction < 0.01); significant dose-response associations were found only in participants with a Ca:Mg ratio between 1.7 and 2.5 (P-trend = 0.04). No associations for calcium were found in the Ca:Mg ratio above 2.5 or below 1.7.

Conclusion: Higher calcium intake may be related to reduced risks of incident advanced and/or synchronous adenoma and incident distal CRC among subjects with Ca:Mg intake ratios between 1.7 and 2.5.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart detailing inclusion/exclusion criteria for case–control designs evaluating incident adenoma and recurrent adenoma and cohort design evaluating incident colorectal cancer
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