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. 2019 Jul-Sep;12(3):173-175.
doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_123_18.

Subarachnoid versus Nonsubarachnoid Traumatic Brain Injuries: The Impact of Decision-Making on Patient Safety

Brandon Diaz  1 , Adel Elkbuli  1 , Rachel Wobig  1 , Kelly McKenney  1 , Daniella Jaguan  1 , Dessy Boneva  1   2 , Shaikh Hai  1 , Mark McKenney  1   2
Affiliations

Subarachnoid versus Nonsubarachnoid Traumatic Brain Injuries: The Impact of Decision-Making on Patient Safety

Brandon Diaz et al. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2019 Jul-Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs) are high priority injuries. Traumatic brain bleeds can be categorized as traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) versus non-SAH-ICH. Non-SAH-ICH includes subdural, epidural, and intraventricular hematomas and brain contusions. We hypothesize that awake patients with SAH will have lower mortality and needless interventions than awake patients with non-SAH-ICHs.

Study design and methods: A review of data collected from our Level I trauma center was conducted. Awake was defined as an initial Glasgow coma score (GCS) 13-15. Patients were divided into two cohorts: awake SAH and awake non-SAH-ICH. Chi-square and t-test analyses were used with statistical significance defined as P < 0.05.

Results: A total of 12,482 trauma patients were admitted during the study period, of which 225 had a SAH and GCS of 13-15 while 826 had a non-SAH-ICH with a GCS of 13-15. There was no significant difference in demographics between the two groups. Predicted survival between the two groups was similar (97.3 vs. 95.7%, P > 0.05). Mortality rates were, however, significantly lower in SAH patients compared to the non-SAH-ICH (4/225 [1.78%] vs. 22/826 [2.66%], P < 0.05). The need for neurosurgical intervention was significantly different comparing the SAH group versus non-SAH-ICH (2/225 [0.89%] vs. 100/826 [12.1%], P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Despite similar predicted mortality rates, awake patients with a SAH are associated with a significantly lower risk of death and need for neurosurgical intervention when compared to other types of awake patients with a traumatic brain bleed.

Keywords: Intracranial hemorrhage; mortality outcomes; outcome and comparison; subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

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