Coats Disease: Clinical Features and Outcomes by Age Category in 351 Cases

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate features and outcomes of Coats disease by patient age.

Methods: Patients with Coats disease from 1973 to 2018 were evaluated based on age category at presentation (3 years or younger vs older than 3 to 10 years vs older than 10 years).

Results: There were 351 eyes of 351 patients with Coats disease diagnosed (2 vs 6 vs 27 years, P < .001). The youngest age group had more referral diagnoses of retinoblastoma (29% vs 15% vs 0%, P < .001), worse presenting visual acuity (< 20/200: 80% vs 67% vs 31%, P < .001), more advanced Coats disease stage (stage 3B: 65% vs 38% vs 10%, P < .001), and greater clock-hour extent of telangiectasia (7 vs 5 vs 4, P < .001), light bulb aneurysms (7 vs 4 vs 3, P < .001), exudation (10 vs 7 vs 5, P < .001), and subretinal fluid (10 vs 7 vs 4, P < .001). The oldest patients received a greater total number of treatments (3.3 vs 3.1 vs 4.4, P = .04), with more argon laser photocoagulation (37% vs 52% vs 73%, P < .001) and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (6% vs 9% vs 23%, P < .002) and less cryotherapy (74% vs 84% vs 58%, P < .001). At mean follow-up (70 vs 65 vs 38 months, P = .02), the youngest patients had poorer visual acuity outcome (< 20/200: 83% vs 64% vs 39%, P < .001), had less disease resolution (43% vs 65% vs 62%, P = .01), and were more likely to ultimately require enucleation (22% vs 10% vs 6%, P = .01).

Conclusions: Younger patients (3 years or younger) with Coats disease present with worse visual acuity and more advanced disease stage, and are more likely to require ultimate enucleation. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2019;56(5):288-296.].