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. 2019 Sep 21;9(10):518.
doi: 10.3390/biom9100518.

Variation in Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Flos Chrysanthemi indici Essential Oil under Different Extraction Methods

Chang-Liang Jing  1 , Rui-Huan Huang  2 , Yan Su  3 , Yi-Qiang Li  4 , Cheng-Sheng Zhang  5
Affiliations

Variation in Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Flos Chrysanthemi indici Essential Oil under Different Extraction Methods

Chang-Liang Jing et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Flos Chrysanthemi indici, an important medicinal and aromatic plant in China, is considered to have many different preservative and pharmacological properties. Considering the capability of essential oils (EOs), the present study is conducted to compare different extraction methods in order to improve yield and biological activities. Hydro-distillation (HD), steam-distillation (SD), solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are employed to prepare EOs from Flos Chrysanthemi indici. A total of 71 compounds are assigned by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in comparison with retention indices. These include 32 (HD), 16 (SD), 31 (SFME) and 38 (SFE) compounds. Major constituents of EOs differ according to the extraction methods were heptenol, tricosane, camphor, borneol, and eucalyptol. EOs extracted by SFME exhibit higher antioxidant activity. All EOs show varying degrees of antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.0625 to 0.125 mg/mL and SFME and SFE prove to be efficient extraction methods. EOs alter the hyphal morphology of Alternaria alternata, with visible bumps forming on the mycelium. Overall, these results indicate that the extraction method can significantly influence the composition and biological activity of EOs and SFME and SFE are outstanding methods to extract EOs with high yield and antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Flos Chrysanthemi indici; biological activity; chemical composition; essential oil; extraction method.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that there are no conflicts of interest. We will store the samples for first three years after publication.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in essential oil yields (%, v/w) of Flos Chrysanthemi indici under different extraction methods.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Numbers of the classes of compounds in extracts obtained by different extraction methods.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antibacterial activity of EOs extracted from Flos Chrysanthemi Indici evaluated by disk diffusion method.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antifungal bioassay against A. alternata and scanning electron micrographs (10,000×) of the morphology of A. alternata with and without EO treatment. (A) Control group; (B) A. alternate treated with EOs; (C) mycelium of untreated culture (control); (D) mycelium of A. alternata treated with EOs at MIC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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