. 2019 Sep 12;11(9):2198.

doi: 10.3390/nu11092198.

Relationships of Trait Anxiety and Loss of Control Eating with Serum Leptin Concentrations among Youth

Meghan E Byrne^{1

2}, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff^{3

4}, Manuela Jaramillo^{5

6}, Lisa M Shank^{7

8

9}, Sarah LeMay-Russell^{10

11}, Sarah G Rubin¹², Sophie Ramirez¹³, Deborah R Altman¹¹, Natasha A Schvey¹⁴, Sheila M Brady¹⁵, Lauren B Shomaker¹⁶, Amber B Courville¹⁷, Shanna B Yang¹⁸, Merel Kozlosky¹⁹, Miranda M Broadney²⁰, Susan Z Yanovski²¹, Jack A Yanovski²²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. meghan.byrne@usuhs.edu.
² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. meghan.byrne@usuhs.edu.
³ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. marian.tanofsky-kraff@usuhs.edu.
⁴ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. marian.tanofsky-kraff@usuhs.edu.
⁵ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. mjaramillo480@gmail.com.
⁶ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mjaramillo480@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
⁸ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
⁹ Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
¹⁰ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
¹¹ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sarah.rubin@nih.gov.
¹³ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sophie.ramirez@nih.gov.
¹⁴ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. natasha.schvey@usuhs.edu.
¹⁵ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bradys@mail.nih.gov.
¹⁶ Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Lauren.Shomaker@colostate.edu.
¹⁷ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. courvillea@cc.nih.gov.
¹⁸ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shanna.bernstein@nih.gov.
¹⁹ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kozloskym@cc.nih.gov.
²⁰ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. miranda.broadney@nih.gov.
²¹ Division of Digestive Diseases & Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, 6707 Democracy Blvd, Rm 6025, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yanovskis@extra.niddk.nih.gov.
²² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yanovskj@mail.nih.gov.

PMID: 31547319
PMCID: PMC6771081
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092198

Relationships of Trait Anxiety and Loss of Control Eating with Serum Leptin Concentrations among Youth

Meghan E Byrne et al. Nutrients. 2019.

. 2019 Sep 12;11(9):2198.

doi: 10.3390/nu11092198.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. meghan.byrne@usuhs.edu.
² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. meghan.byrne@usuhs.edu.
³ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. marian.tanofsky-kraff@usuhs.edu.
⁴ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. marian.tanofsky-kraff@usuhs.edu.
⁵ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. mjaramillo480@gmail.com.
⁶ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. mjaramillo480@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
⁸ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
⁹ Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA. lisa.shank.ctr@usuhs.edu.
¹⁰ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
¹¹ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
¹² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sarah.rubin@nih.gov.
¹³ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. sophie.ramirez@nih.gov.
¹⁴ Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. natasha.schvey@usuhs.edu.
¹⁵ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bradys@mail.nih.gov.
¹⁶ Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Lauren.Shomaker@colostate.edu.
¹⁷ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. courvillea@cc.nih.gov.
¹⁸ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shanna.bernstein@nih.gov.
¹⁹ Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. kozloskym@cc.nih.gov.
²⁰ Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. miranda.broadney@nih.gov.
²¹ Division of Digestive Diseases & Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, 6707 Democracy Blvd, Rm 6025, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yanovskis@extra.niddk.nih.gov.
²² Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yanovskj@mail.nih.gov.

PMID: 31547319
PMCID: PMC6771081
DOI: 10.3390/nu11092198

Abstract

Loss of control (LOC) eating in youth is associated with elevated fasting serum leptin, even after accounting for adiposity. Anxiety is closely linked to, and may exacerbate, LOC eating. Yet, it remains unclear how anxiety relates to leptin, or if the relationship is moderated by the presence of LOC eating. We examined whether self-reported trait anxiety interacted with LOC eating in relation to leptin in a convenience sample of youths (n = 592; 13.1 ± 2.7 years; body mass index z-score (BMIz) = 0.9 ± 1.1; 61.8% girls; 53.5% non-Hispanic White; 36.6% with LOC eating). LOC eating was assessed by interview. Leptin was measured after an overnight fast. Exploratory analyses were conducted to examine anxiety and LOC eating in relation to laboratory intake patterns in three sub-samples. In a generalized linear model adjusting for relevant covariates, anxiety significantly interacted with LOC eating in relation to leptin (p = 0.02), such that greater trait anxiety related to higher concentrations of leptin only among youth with LOC eating. Trait anxiety was not significantly related to fasting serum leptin independently in a generalized linear model adjusting for age, race, height, sex, study type, and fat mass (kg). Exploratory mechanistic analyses of food intake patterns did not identify consistent results for participants with both anxiety and LOC eating. Among youth with LOC eating, anxiety may be associated with higher serum leptin. Prospective data are required to elucidate the directionality and mechanisms of these relationships.

Keywords: anxiety; child and adolescent; dietary intake; leptin; loss of control eating; pediatric obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Interaction of LOC eating and trait anxiety in relation to fasting serum leptin (p = 0.02).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Relationships of Trait Anxiety and Loss of Control Eating with Serum Leptin Concentrations among Youth

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Relationships of Trait Anxiety and Loss of Control Eating with Serum Leptin Concentrations among Youth

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