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. 2019 Sep 6;5(1):e000556.
doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000556. eCollection 2019.

Transversus abdominis and multifidus asymmetry in runners measured by MRI: a cross-sectional study

Ulrike H Mitchell  1 , A Wayne Johnson  1 , Patrick J Owen  2 , Timo Rantalainen  3 , Daniel Belavy  2
Affiliations

Transversus abdominis and multifidus asymmetry in runners measured by MRI: a cross-sectional study

Ulrike H Mitchell et al. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. .

Abstract

Objective: The transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) is active during running as a secondary respiratory muscle and acts, together with the multifidus, as trunk stabiliser. The purpose of this study was to determine size and symmetry of TrA and multifidus muscles at rest and with contraction in endurance runners without low back pain.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A medical imaging centre in Melbourne, Australia.

Participants: Thirty middle-aged (43years±7) endurance-trained male (n=18) and female (n=12) runners without current or history of low back pain.

Outcome measures: MRI at rest and with the core engaged. The TrA and multifidus muscles were measured for thickness and length (TrA) and anteroposterior and mediolateral thickness (multifidus). Muscle activation was extrapolated from rest to contraction and compared with the same and contralateral side. Paired t-tests were performed to compare sides and contraction status.

Results: Left and right TrA and multifidus demonstrated similar parameters at rest (p>0.05). However, with contraction, the right TrA and multifidus (in mediolateral direction) were 9.2% (p=0.038) and 42% (p<0.001) thicker, respectively, than their counterparts on the left. There was no TrA thickness side difference with contraction in left-handed participants (p=0.985). When stratified by sex, the contracted TrA on the right side remained 8.4% thicker, but it was no longer statistically significant (p=0.134). The side difference with contraction of the TrA became less with increasing training age.

Conclusions: Right-handed long-term runners without low back pain exhibit a greater right side core muscle activation when performing an isometric contraction. This activation preference diminishes with increasing training age.

Keywords: Activation; Core; Muscle; Rehabilitation; Running.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Transversus abdominis and multifidus parameters; tracings of the respective muscles are in white.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percent difference between right and left transversus abdominis (TrA) length and thickness and multifidus (MF) anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) thickness during rest and contraction in the total sample (n=30), men (n=18) and women (n=12).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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