Comparison of early femoral bone remodeling and functional outcome after total hip arthroplasty using the SL-PLUS MIA stem with and without hydroxyapatite coating

Abstract

Background: Few reports have evaluated the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating in SL-MIA-type stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Here, we compared early femoral bone remodeling after total hip arthroplasty using the SL-PLUS MIA stem with and without hydroxyapatite coating.

Methods: From February 2012 to March 2017, 132 patients (150 hips) (HA group: 48 patients [52 hips], non-HA group: 84 patients [98 hips]) underwent THA with an SL-PLUS MIA stem. The mean follow-up duration was 3.7 years (standard deviation 1.2, range: 1.0-6.1). The Harris Hip Score (HHS), postoperative bleeding volume measurements and plain radiographs were used for clinical and radiological follow-up evaluations. Peri-prosthetic bone mineral density changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results: At 1 year, the HHS improved from 44.4 points preoperatively to 89.2 points postoperatively and from 44.5 points to 89.7 points in the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. At 1 year postoperatively, subsidence (≧ 3 mm) occurred in 0% and 8.2% of the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. Stress shielding (≧ Grade 3) occurred in 0% and 6% of the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. The radiolucent line was significantly smaller in the HA than in the non-HA group. There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density distribution in the two groups.

Conclusion: Addition of HA to the SL-MIA stem can help enhance the initial fixation and early osseointegration. Further studies are required on the long-term effects of adding HA to reduce stress shielding of the proximal area of the stem.

Keywords: Bone mineral density; Coating; Hydroxyapatite; Radiographic evaluation; Total hip arthroplasty; Zweymüller-type stem.