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. 2019 Sep 25;19(19):4157.
doi: 10.3390/s19194157.

Indoor Air-Quality Data-Monitoring System: Long-Term Monitoring Benefits

Shengjing Sun  1   2 , Xiaochen Zheng  3   4 , Javier Villalba-Díez  5   6 , Joaquín Ordieres-Meré  7
Affiliations

Indoor Air-Quality Data-Monitoring System: Long-Term Monitoring Benefits

Shengjing Sun et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Indoor air pollution has been ranked among the top five environmental risks to public health. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is proven to have significant impacts on people's comfort, health, and performance. Through a systematic literature review in the area of IAQ, two gaps have been identified by this study: short-term monitoring bias and IAQ data-monitoring solution challenges. The study addresses those gaps by proposing an Internet of Things (IoT) and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT)-based IAQ data-monitoring system. The developed data-monitoring solution allows for the possibility of low-cost, long-term, real-time, and summarized IAQ information benefiting all stakeholders contributing to define a rich context for Industry 4.0. The solution helps the penetration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-based monitoring strategies in the specific case of Occupational Safety Health (OSH). The study discussed the corresponding benefits OSH regulation, IAQ managerial, and transparency perspectives based on two case studies conducted in Spain.

Keywords: IOTA tangle; indoor air quality; industry 4.0; long-term monitoring benefits; low cost; occupational safety and health.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical Abstract. IAQ: Indoor Air Quality; MAM: Masked Authenticated Messaging; OSH: Occupational Safety Health.
Figure 2
Figure 2
IAQ data-monitoring application framework supported by Internet of Things (IoT) and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). IAQ: Indoor Air Quality; MAM: Masked Authenticated Messaging; OSH: Occupational Safety Health.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Deployment of Indoor Air-Quality (IAQ) data-monitoring system, enabling different type of clients. MAM: Masked Authenticated Messaging.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Time evolution of formaldehyde(HCHO) concentration in Site 1 during the day 2018-11-10. Dashed line refers to STEL threshold.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Recommendation strategy flow diagram.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Distribution of indoor pollutant maximal average value occurrences (sampling time: 15 min) in site. (a) Distribution of PM2.5 maximal average value during monitoring period in Site 2. Dashed line refers to EPA TLV; (b) Distribution of HCHO maximal average value during monitoring period in Site 1. Dashed line refers to STEL threshold; (c) Distribution of C6H6 maximal average value during monitoring period in Site 1. Dashed line refers to STEL threshold.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Working conditions demonstration in site 2. (a) Evolution of CO2 hourly average concentration during monitoring period in site 2. Dashed line refers to Circulate TLV; (b) Evolution of humidity hourly average during monitoring period in site 2. Dashed line refers to WHO comfort recommendation; (c) Evolution of illumination hourly average during monitoring period in site 2. Dashed line refers to EU illuminance standard.
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