Coronary pacing during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Abstract

To avoid venous puncture, a new concept for standby cardiac pacing during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and diagnostic cardiac catheterization was developed. It uses an arterial guidewire as a unipolar pacing electrode with the second electrode attached to the skin. The system was tested in 25 coronary arteries of 22 patients undergoing PTCA and in the left ventricles of 10 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Coronary pacing via the guidewire used for directing the balloon catheter was possible in all patients and in 24 of the 25 coronary arteries attempted. Maximum duration of pacing was 8 min. Threshold currents ranged from 1 to 15 mA (mean 5.7). Left ventricular pacing via the same wires or standard wires used for introduction of diagnostic or guiding catheters was possible in all patients and was maintained for up to 10 min. Threshold currents ranged from 1 to 7 mA (mean 3.9). Neither method for pacing produced adverse effects during these short applications. The setup for coronary pacing also allowed recording of an intracoronary electrocardiogram during PTCA. The presented system provides backup for the rare event of sustained bradycardia during PTCA or diagnostic cardiac catheterization. If applied cautiously, it may safely and reliably replace the standby of a conventional transvenous pacing catheter.